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This is a timeline of asexual history worldwide. The briefness of this timeline can be attributed to the fact that acceptance of asexuality as a sexual orientation and field of scientific research is still relatively new.[1][2][3]
Several of these events refer to historical essays and studies on sexual behaviour. While the modern discussion of asexuality focuses on lack of sexual attraction, rather than celibacy or sexual abstinence, the research on human sexuality and sexual orientation has only recently started making said distinction.[4]
19th century
[edit]1860s
[edit]- 1869: Karl-Maria Kertbeny, in the same pamphlets arguing against Prussian sodomy law where he coined the terms "homosexual" and "heterosexual", also used the word "monosexuals" to refer to people who only masturbate.[5]
1880s
[edit]- 1884: American sexologist William Alexander Hammond published Sexual Impotence in the Male, where he wrote about two male patients he had consulted as early as 1860 who appeared physically healthy yet did not experience sexual desire. He referred to this condition as "original absence of all sexual desire." In 1887, Hammond also published the cases of two women who experienced no sexual desire without perceptible cause.[6]
1890s
[edit]- 1896: German sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld wrote the pamphlet Sappho und Sokrates, which mentions people without any sexual desire and links them to the concept of "anesthesia sexual".[7]
- 1897: German sexual reformist Emma Trosse gave the first definition of asexuality in her work Ein Weib? Psychologisch-biographische: Studie über eine Kontr?rsexuelle (A woman? Psychological-biographical study of a contrary-sexual) under the term Sinnlichkeitslosigkeit (Asensuality) and counted herself as such, stating "Verfasser hat den Mut, sich zu jener Kategorie zu bekennen (Author has the courage to admit to this category)."[8]
20th century
[edit]1900s
[edit]- 1907: Reverend Carl Schlegel, a German immigrant living in New Orleans, was found guilty by the city Presbytery on charges of "homosexualism, Sodomy, or Uranism." Schlegel was quoted as advocating for "the same laws" for "homosexuals, heterosexuals, bisexuals [and] asexuals."[9]
1920s
[edit]- 1922: Jennie June, an American author on sexual and gender nonconformity, wrote "The Female Impersonators." In it, June describes people known as "anaphrodites," people who do not experience sexual attraction. Says June: "their minds are devoid of hero-worship and they shudder violently at the very thought of any kind of association grounded on sex differences. Their anaphroditism is either an after-effect of an illness in childhood or congenital." June also mentions that "Sir Isaac Newton and Immanuel Kant appear to have been anaphrodites."[10]
1940s
[edit]- 1948: The Kinsey Scale included the category "X" for males who reported no socio-sexual contacts or reactions; according to the research, 1.5% of adult male subjects fell into this category.[11][12]
1950s
[edit]- 1953: The Kinsey Scale included the category "X" for females who reported no socio-sexual contacts or reactions; according to the research, 19% of female interviewees fell into this category.[11][13][14]
1960s
[edit]- 1969: Anton Szandor LaVey in his book The Satanic Bible referenced asexuals and asexuality, stating that "Satanism condones any type of sexual activity which properly satisfies your individual desires – be it heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or even asexual".[15]
1970s
[edit]- 1972: Lisa Orlando, on behalf of the Asexual Caucus of the New York Radical Feminists, published The Asexual Manifesto, describing an asexual person as someone "relating sexually to no one" and asexuality a philosophy in which sex is rejected unless it is both "congruent with our values and totally incidental and unimportant to our relationships". The article further outlines particular harmful myths associated with the importance of sex in relationships, broadly aligned with the concepts of amatonormativity and compulsory sexuality.[16]
- 1973: Activists at Barnard College were pictured to include "asexual" on a board advocating to "choose your own label" and had their picture featured in February/March 1973 edition of Off Our Backs.[17] The picture was intended to be released in the previous article which described asexuality to be "an orientation that regards a partner as nonessential to sex, and sex as nonessential to a satisfying relationship."[18]
- 1974: Singer and composer David Bowie discussed asexuality in Rolling Stone in the article "David Bowie in conversation on sexuality with William S. Burroughs.[19]
- 1977: Myra Johnson wrote one of the first academic papers about asexuality as part of the book The Sexually Oppressed.[20] She described "asexuality" as a complete lack of sexual desire, while those who do experience sexual desire but have no wish to satisfy it with others were labeled as "autoerotic". Johnson focused on the problems experiences by such women, who she felt were often ignored by the sexual revolution and feminist movements of the time.[20]
- 1979: In a study published in Advances in the Study of Affect, Michael D. Storms reimagined the Kinsey Scale as a two-dimensional map which included asexuality, defined as exhibiting little to no homo-eroticism nor hetero-eroticism. This type of scale accounted for asexuality for the first time.[21] Storms conjectured that many researchers following Kinsey's model could be mis-categorizing asexual subjects as bisexual, because both were simply defined by a lack of preference for gender in sexual partners.[22][23]
1980s
[edit]- 1980: Publication of the DSM-III, which was the first version of the DSM to include a disorder relating to low sexual desire.[24] This category was initially called Inhibited Sexual Desire (ISD) and later subdivided into Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) and Sexual Aversion Disorder (SAD) in the revision published in 1987 (DSM-III-R), the former relating to a lack of interest in sex and the latter a phobic avoidance.
- 1983: The first study that gave empirical data about asexuals was published in 1983 by Paula Nurius, concerning the relationship between sexual orientation and mental health. The study used a variant of Kinsey's model, and scored participants according to sexual behaviour and desire for it.[25]
- 1989: American talk show host Sally Jesse Raphael interviewed Toby (alias of Jim Sinclair), a then self-described androgynous and nonsexual person.[26]
1990s
[edit]- 1993: The book Boston Marriages: Romantic but Asexual Relationships Among Contemporary Lesbians by Esther D. Rothblum and Kathleen A. Brehony was released.[27]
- 1994: Anthony Bogaert, conducted a study published in The Journal of Sex Research that concluded that 1 in 100 persons identified as asexual.[28]
- 1997: Activist Jim Sinclair posted in their website the essay Personal Definitions of Sexuality, originally written in response to a class assignment in 1987, where they defined themself as asexual.[29]
- 1997: Zoe O'Reilly published the article My life as an amoeba in the StarNet Dispatches webzine, a first-person exploration of asexuality that sparked responses through the late 90s and early 2000s by people who identified with it.[30][31]
21st century
[edit]2000s
[edit]- 2001: David Jay founded the Asexual Visibility and Education Network (AVEN), which became the most prolific and well-known of the various asexual communities that started to form since the advent of the World Wide Web and social media.[32][33]
- 2002: New York passed the Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act, which was the first, and is currently the only piece of legislation that mentions asexuality in the world.[34]
- 2004: Psychologist Anthony F. Bogaert published "Asexuality: prevalence and associated factors in a national probability sample" in the Journal of Sex Research. According to this paper, 1% of a 1994 British probability sample indicated feeling no attraction for males nor females.[35]
- 2004: The New Scientist dedicated an issue to asexuality in response to Bogaert's paper.[36]
- 2004: Discovery dedicated an episode of The Sex Files to asexuality.[37]
- 2005: A common symbol for the asexual community is a black ring worn on the middle finger of the right hand.[38] The material and exact design of the ring are not important as long as it is primarily black.[38] This symbol started on AVEN in 2005.[38]
- 2005: Stephen Hillenburg revealed that SpongeBob SquarePants is asexual.[39]
- 2006: In January, David Jay appeared on ABC's The View and later in March of that year, he appeared on MSNBC's Tucker program, hosted by Tucker Carlson. On both programs he discussed asexuality.[40][41]
- 2009: AVEN members participated in the first asexual entry into an American pride parade when they walked in the San Francisco Pride Parade.[42]
2010s
[edit]
- 2010: The asexual pride flag was introduced to the public.[43] The asexual pride flag consists of four horizontal stripes: black, grey, white, and purple from top to bottom.[43]
- 2010: Asexual Awareness Week, now called Ace Week, was founded by Sara Beth Brooks in 2010.[44] It occurs in the later half of October, and was created to both celebrate asexual, aromantic, demisexual ally, and greysexual ally pride and promote awareness.[44]
- 2012: The first International Asexual Conference was held at the 2012 World Pride in London.[45]
- 2013: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition changed the diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder conditions to include an exception for people who self-identify as asexual.[46]
- 2014: Dr. Pragati Singh, a gray asexual, launched a Facebook Group called "Indian Aces" for Indian asexuals.[47]
- 2015: George Norman became Britain's first openly asexual local election candidate.[48]
- 2015: Dr. Pragati Singh launched Platonicity, an asexual dating platform. Platonicity utilized Google Forms, in which users would enter their information, and Singh would match respondents manually. Singh closed Platonicity in 2016, after being overwhelmed with the amount of data.[49]
- 2016: Joe Parrish became the United States's first openly asexual state election candidate.[50]
- 2016: The literary journal Aze is launched, created by Michael Paramo to publish the poetry, artwork, and personal and academic essays of asexual, aromantic, and agender people.[51][52]
- 2017: Nabil Allal and A'laa Yasin launched the "Asexuality in Arabic" social media groups.[53]
- 2017: The podcast "Sounds Fake But Okay" is launched, hosted by Sarah Costello and Kayla Kaszyca.[54] Costello "identifies as aro ace", while Kaszyca identifies as "demisexual and straight".[54]
- 2018: An episode of the series The Sex Map of Britain on BBC Three was dedicated to asexuality, entitled I Don't Want Sex.[55]
- 2019: Then 18-year-old Emi Salida, a British YouTuber who identifies as asexual, appeared in a Sky News documentary on asexuality.[56][57][58]
- 2019: British soap opera Emmerdale featured its first asexual character when Liv Flaherty, played by actress Isobel Steele, came out as asexual.[59]
- 2019: Bradford, England author Elizabeth Hopkinson, a romantic asexual, began rewriting classic fairy tales with asexual twists.[60]
- 2019: In an issue of Attitude titled "The Activists", Yasmin Benoit became the first openly asexual woman to appear on the cover of a UK magazine.[61][62]
- 2019: Washington became the first U.S. state to recognize Asexual Awareness Week, which it did through a ceremonial proclamation signed by governor Jay Inslee.[63][64]
2020s
[edit]
- 2020: Jaymee Mak (an allosexual woman), wrote, produced, and co-starred in the short film It's Not You. It's Not Me., which was inspired by her relationship with an asexual man.[65][66][67]
- 2020: Rhea Debussy, an ace-spec transgender rights activist, became the founding executive director of the Ace and Aro Alliance of Central Ohio, which is Ohio's first asexual organization.[68]
- 2020: The first Virtual Asexual Pride took place from June 17 until June 30, hosted by Jaymie Doyle. The Virtual Asexual Pride was hosted online via social media due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was intended to continue Asexual Pride for Ireland and Northern Ireland virtually.
- 2022: YouTuber Jaiden Animations comes out as aromantic and asexual in her video: "Being Not Straight". Her animation reached over 20 million views and is currently the most viewed video on YouTube about asexuality and aromanticism.[69][70]
- 2023: The world's first in-person Asexual Pride Parade was held in Budapest, Hungary on 15 April 2023. About 160 people participated in the march. (Organized by the Hungarian Asexual Community group.)[71]
- 2023: Yasmin Benoit became the first openly asexual grand marshal for NYC Pride.[72][73]
- 2024: Pennsylvania governor Josh Shapiro issued a message recognizing April 6, 2024 as Asexuality Day.
References
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{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - ^ Kinsey, Alfred C.; Pomeroy, Wardell B.; Martin, Clyde E.; Gebhard, Paul H. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253019240. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
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- ^ Rennie, Susan (February–March 1973). "Late Copy". Off Our Backs. 3 (6): 7. JSTOR 25783532.
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- ^ Singer Kaplan, Helen (2025-08-04). Sexual Desire Disorders. doi:10.4324/9780203777480. ISBN 9781134864225.
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- ^ "Study: One in 100 adults asexual". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: WarnerMedia. March 11, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ Sinclair, Jim (1997). "Personal Definitions of Sexuality". Jim Sinclair's Web Site. Archived from the original on February 6, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ O'Reilly, Zoe (May 30, 1997). "My life as an amoeba". StarNet Dispatches. Archived from the original on February 10, 2003. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ O'Reilly, Zoe (May 30, 1997). "Comments on My life as an amoeba". StarNet Dispatches. Archived from the original on February 19, 2002. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
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- ^ Swash, Rosie (February 25, 2012). "Among the asexuals". The Guardian. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ "New York State Assembly - A01971 Summary". New York State Assembly. January 17, 2001. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ Bogaert, Anthony F. (August 2004). "Asexuality: prevalence and associated factors in a national probability sample". Journal of Sex Research. 41 (3): 279–287. doi:10.1080/00224490409552235. ISSN 0022-4499. JSTOR 4423785. PMID 15497056. S2CID 41057104.
- ^ Westphal, Sylvia Pagán (October 14, 2004). "Feature: Glad to be asexual". New Scientist. United Kingdom: New Scientist Ltd. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ "Discovery Channel - The Sex Files - "No Sex Please" (part 1) - 2004". The Sex Files/Discovery Channel. Asexual Media Archives. 2004. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ a b c Besanvalle, James (July 31, 2018). "Here's a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual". Gay Star News. London, England, United Kingdom: Iconic Labs. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (January 28, 2005). "SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator". People. United States: Meredith Corporation. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
- ^ "Asexuality on The View, Jan 15 2006". Lincoln Square Productions/American Broadcasting Company. husongshu. January 15, 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ "Asexuality on Tucker Carlson, March 27 2006". MSNBC/NBC News/National Broadcasting Company. husongshu. March 27, 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ Bulwa, Demian (June 29, 2009). "Gay Pride Parade sizzles in San Francisco". Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas: Hearst Communications. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ a b Manzella, Sam (July 10, 2017). "Beyond the Rainbow: Your Guide to LGBT Flags". NewNowNext. Viacom International, Inc. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "What is Ace Week?". AceWeek. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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- ^ Deutsch, Tamara (2017). Kevin L. Nadal (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender. SAGE Publishing. doi:10.4135/9781483384269. ISBN 9781483384283. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ "The Love Doctor for Asexuals". OZY. Mountain View, California: Modern Media Company. December 6, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ Gevertz, Jack (May 5, 2015). "Britain's first openly asexual election candidate campaigns for change in York". YorkMix. York, England, United Kingdom: YorkMix Media Ltd. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ Muzaffar, Maroosha (July 8, 2018). "An Asexual Dating Platform Still Has Many Kinks to Sort Out". Vice News. New York City: Vice Media. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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AZE Journal is an online publication of agender, aromantic, and asexual people's creative expressions, including visual art, poetry, essays...
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- ^ Boatner, Cameren (December 12, 2019). ""Attitude" Becomes First UK Magazine Featuring an asexual Woman on Cover". South Florida Gay News. Wilton Manors, Florida: Norm Kent. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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- ^ "Washington Becomes First State to Recognize Asexual Awareness Week!". October 20, 2019.
- ^ "More pictures of the Ace Week proclamation in Washington!". October 24, 2019.
- ^ Mak, Jaymee (March 16, 2020). "What I learned after being in a relationship with an asexual person". Cold Tea Collective. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Cold Tea Collective Media. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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- ^ Being Not Straight, 20 March 2022, retrieved 2025-08-04
- ^ "YouTuber Jaiden Animations Comes Out As Aroace, Here's What That Means". www.pride.com. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
- ^ Lengyel-Szabó Péter, Halász Júlia - Odaj?nnek hozzám azzal, hogy jaj, te szegény, téged még senki sem dugott meg (Telex.hu, Youtube csatorna, 2023.04.15.)
- ^ Desouza, Danielle (June 1, 2023) Pride profile: I will be the first asexual grand marshal at NYC’s Pride March Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ Songbird, Tyger (October 10, 2023) Yasmin Benoit is NYC Pride’s first asexual grand marshal & she’s ready to change the status quo Retrieved February 8, 2024.
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