中国将在4月20日至24日择机发射天舟一号货运飞船
People aged 15 to 24 years have the highest rate of youth suicide in India, which is consistent with international trends in youth suicide.[1] Of all recorded suicides in India, 35% occur in this age group.[1] Risk factors and methods in this cohort differ from those in other age groups.[1][2]
Statistics
[edit]Recorded annual youth suicide rates in India are 80 per 100,000 in females and 34 per 100,000 in males (compared to 10.4 per 100,000 in the general Indian population).[1] These reported figures are estimated to be six crore to eight lakh thousand crore under-estimates of the true incidence.[1]
Surveys of high school students in India estimate prevalence of suicidal ideation at 6–22%, and of suicide attempts at 0.39–8%.[3] A survey conducted in 2009 found that 3.9% of young people have exhibited some suicidal behavior.[4]
Risk factors
[edit]Biological risk factors
[edit]Young age is itself a risk factor for suicide.[1] Developmental changes during youth lead to psychological changes and greater impulsivity.[5]
The risk of suicide for young female adults is higher than that of males. This may be mediated by social factors in addition to biology.[6]
Psychological factors
[edit]Negative affect, such as low self-esteem and hopelessness, tends to increase the risk of suicide in young adults.[7] Strategies such as active problem solving and distraction help to protect against suicide, but maladaptive coping strategies increase the risk.[8]
Impulsivity is a psychological factor seen to increase the risk of suicidality in young adults. It has been seen that impulsivity when combined with aggression tends to cause suicide ideation in male youth.[1]
Socio-environmental factors
[edit]Trauma and discrimination are strong risk factors for suicide in youth. Sexual, physical and emotional abuse are all associated with increased risk of suicide,[9] as are experience of bullying[9] and loneliness.[1]
Experience of discrimination increases incidence of suicide compared to the general population.[10] This is reflected in greater rates of suicide among members of certain castes and religious minorities.[10] Discrimination based on gender orientation and sexuality is also a risk factor for suicide in youth in India.[1]
Social and environmental factors contribute to the observed sex difference in prevalence. Abuse and intimate partner violence are associated with suicide.[6] In 2019, 1400 deaths by suicide were reported as related to a dowry.[2] Young women may also experience more economic instability and greater stigma associated with mental ill-health.[6]
Interventions
[edit]Evidence for interventions to prevent youth suicide in India suggests that a combination of individual therapy, family therapy and peer support system is needed.[1] Broader public awareness interventions are advocated, rather than a focus on mental health and counselling.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gupta, Snehil; Basera, Devendra (2025-08-04). "Youth Suicide in India: A Critical Review and Implication for the National Suicide Prevention Policy". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying. 88 (1): 245–273. doi:10.1177/00302228211045169. ISSN 0030-2228. PMID 34505537. S2CID 237472389.
- ^ a b Accidental deaths & suicides in India 2019. New Delhi: National Crime Records Bureau. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ^ Sharma, Rahul; Grover, VijayL; Chaturvedi, Sanjay (2008). "Suicidal behavior amongst adolescent students in south Delhi". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 50 (1): 30–33. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.39756. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 2745855. PMID 19771304.
- ^ Pillai, A.; Andrews, T.; Patel, V. (2025-08-04). "Violence, psychological distress and the risk of suicidal behaviour in young people in India". International Journal of Epidemiology. 38 (2): 459–469. doi:10.1093/ije/dyn166. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 18725364.
- ^ Bridge, Jeff (October 2020). "2.1 Recent National Trends in Youth Suicide and Suicidal Behavior". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 59 (10): S268. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.554. ISSN 0890-8567. S2CID 241542299.
- ^ a b c d Vijayakumar, Lakshmi; John, Sujit; Pirkis, Jane; Whiteford, Harvey (May 2005). "Suicide in Developing Countries (2)". Crisis. 26 (3): 112–119. doi:10.1027/0227-5910.26.3.112. ISSN 0227-5910. PMID 16276753.
- ^ Czyz, Ewa K.; Berona, Johnny; King, Cheryl A. (2025-08-04). "A Prospective Examination of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior Among Psychiatric Adolescent Inpatients". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 45 (2): 243–259. doi:10.1111/sltb.12125. hdl:2027.42/111102. ISSN 0363-0234. PMC 5036446. PMID 25263410.
- ^ Pisani, Anthony R.; Wyman, Peter A.; Petrova, Mariya; Schmeelk-Cone, Karen; Goldston, David B.; Xia, Yinglin; Gould, Madelyn S. (2025-08-04). "Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Youth–Adult Relationships, and Suicide Attempts Among High School Students in Underserved Communities". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 42 (6): 807–820. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9884-2. ISSN 0047-2891. PMC 3654393. PMID 23666604.
- ^ a b Gibb, Brandon E.; Alloy, Lauren B.; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Rose, Donna T.; Whitehouse, Wayne G.; Hogan, Michael E. (December 2001). "Childhood Maltreatment and College Students' Current Suicidal Ideation: A Test of the Hopelessness Theory". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 31 (4): 405–415. doi:10.1521/suli.31.4.405.22042. ISSN 0363-0234. PMID 11775716.
- ^ a b Nath, Yogini; Paris, Joel; Thombs, Brett; Kirmayer, Laurence (2025-08-04). "Prevalence and social determinants of suicidal behaviours among college youth in India". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 58 (4): 393–399. doi:10.1177/0020764011401164. ISSN 0020-7640. PMID 21632571. S2CID 25414662.
Student Suicides In India-Hindi, SK Singh, Jagran Prime Student Suicides In India-English, SK Singh, Jagran Prime