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Iberian Peninsula at about 200 BC [1]. 
Ancient (bracketed) and modern places in the Iberian Peninsula which have names containing the Celtic elements -brigā or -bris < -brixs 'hill, hillfort'. Celtic toponymy of Portugal (Western side of Iberia) is shown light-blue and yellow on the map.
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In the area of modern Portugal a significant number of towns with Celtic toponymic were already mentioned by ancient Greek and Roman authors.
The regions where we can find a greater number of these names are in the north (inhabited by the Callaici or Callaeci) and center (inhabited by the Lusitanians) of Portugal. However, Celtic toponymy occurs throughout the whole country and is also found in the south (the Alentejo, inhabited by the Celtici, and the Algarve, inhabited by the Cynetes), which correspond to the ancient Roman provinces of Gallaecia and Lusitania.
The name of Portugal (Portvgalli?) itself is partly of Celtic origin (see: Name of Portugal and Portus Cale).
List of towns and places
[edit]| Celtic name | Modern name |
|---|---|
| Anobrega | Ponte da Barca |
| Anobra | Anobra in Condeixa-a-Nova. Likely derived from ānniyobris "hill", "ring" (Cf. old Irish ainne "ring"),[1] |
| Arabriga | probably Alenquer or between Sesimbra and Out?o |
| Arcobica | probably Torr?o in Alcácer do Sal |
| Arcobriga | probably near Braga |
| Aritium Praetorium | probably Tamazim, near Bemposta |
| Aritium oppidum vetus | Casal da Várzea |
| Aritium Vetus | Alvega in Abrantes |
| Aranni | probably near Ourique |
| Arandis | near Ourique |
| Ardila | |
| Armona | Ilha de Armona |
| Auobriga/ *Aobriga | in the Ave Valley region |
| Equabonna/Aquabona | Coina in Barreiro |
| Auaron Pr. | Carreiro in Póvoa de Varzim (Cape Santo André) |
| Axabrica/Axabrix | Xabregas |
| Boidobr(ig)a (?) | Boidobra, in Covilh?. A combination of two elements:
|
| Bracara | Braga |
| Brigantia | Bragan?a |
| Brita/s | |
| Budens | Budens |
| *Burrulobriga | around Elvas |
| Caetobriga/Caetobrix/Kaitobrix | Setúbal |
| Caeilobricoi | Castro Daire in Lamas de Moledo |
| Calabria > Caliabriga | Castelo Calabre in Vila Nova de Foz C?a |
| Caladunum | probably Vilar de Perdizes in Montalegre |
| Cambra<Calambriga | Vale de Cambra (Aveiro), Casal de Cambra (Sintra) |
| Cale | Vila Nova de Gaia; Portucale; Portugal |
| Cantippo | |
| Castellum Araocelum | S?o Cosmado in Mangualde |
| Catraleucus/ Contraleuco | |
| Cempsibriga | Sesimbra |
| Colobre | Alcolobre in Constancia (Colobre, 935 C.E.): the first element derives from *kwolu- 'wheel'[3] |
| Conimbriga | Conímbriga, Condeixa-a-Nova; Coimbra (name only) |
| Civitas Aravorum <Aravi> | Marialva |
| Collippo | Batalha |
| Corumbriga | |
| Cottaiobriga | near Almeida |
| Ebora | évora |
| Eburobrittium | óbidos |
| *Elaneobriga | around Braga |
| Evion | |
| Ercobriga | |
| Etobrico | Alenquer |
| Jerabrica/Gerabrica/Hierabrica | between Lisbon and Santarém |
| Jurumegna | Juromenha in Alandroal |
| Lacobriga | Lagos |
| Lamecum | Lamego |
| Langobriga | Fi?es |
| castello Letiobri | around Braga |
| Lemos | |
| Londobris | Berlengas |
| Longobriga | Longroiva in Mêda |
| Lubrigos | Vila Real |
| Civitas Aravorum <Aravi> | Marialva (Mêda) |
| Malaceca/Malateca | Marateca |
| Medrobiga | Marv?o |
| Meidubriga | in Beira Alta |
| Mirobriga | Miróbriga |
| Mirobriga | Montemor o Velho |
| Meribriga/Merebriga | in Alentejo |
| Merobriga | probably Sines or near river Mira |
| Montobriga/Mundobriga | around Castelo de Vide |
| Moron | Almorol or Montalv?o |
| Ocelum | Ferro probably in Covilh? |
| Pendraganum | Pedróg?o Grande |
| Seliobriga | S?o Martinho de Pedrulhais in Sepins |
| Senabriga | Seia |
| Talabriga | Lamas do Vouga |
| Talabriga | Ponte de Lima, Estour?os |
| Tameobriga | near Paiva and Douro |
| Terena | Terena |
| Tongobriga/ Tuntobriga | Freixo, Marco de Canaveses |
| Tur(o)lobriga | around Chaves |
| Uxonoba | |
| Vicus Camalocensis | around Crato |
| Vicus Veniensis | Cabe?o de Lameir?o in Meimoa |
| Vipasca | Aljustrel |
List of rivers
[edit]| Celtic name | Modern name |
|---|---|
| Arda from Proto-Celtic *ardwo- [4] | Arda |
| Latinised Arduinna from Celtic *ardwo- hight, related to forests, Goddess of the forests [5] | Ardena |
| Ardila *same as above | Ardila |
| Latinised Arauca from Celtic[6] | Arouca |
| Latinised Arauca from Celtic[7] | Arouce |
| Latinised Arauca from Celtic[8] | Arunca |
| Latinised Cavalum from Celtic/Gaulish *caballos - horse[9] | Cavalum |
| Lethes | Lima |
| Minius | Minho |
| Munda, Latinised Mundaecus or Mondaecus | Mondego |
| Latinised Tamaga, likely from Tamaca[10] | Tamega |
References
[edit]- ^ Prósper (2002) p. 376.
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier [in French] (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic]. Vol. (Collection des Hespérides, 9), 3rd edition, éditions Errance. Errance. page boudi- of 83-84. ISBN 978-2877722377.
- ^ Matasovic (2009) s.v. kwol-u-.
- ^ "An Etymological Lexicon of Proto-Celtic | Languages of Europe | Philology".
- ^ "Inactive". Archived from the original on November 10, 2007.
- ^ "Arouca | Defini??o ou significado de Arouca no Dicionário Infopédia de Toponímia".
- ^ "Arouca | Defini??o ou significado de Arouca no Dicionário Infopédia de Toponímia".
- ^ "Arouca | Defini??o ou significado de Arouca no Dicionário Infopédia de Toponímia".
- ^ Whiter, Walter (1800). Etymologicon magnum, or Universal etymological dictionary, on a new plan [By W. Whiter]. Cambridge [England] Printed by F. Hodson, for the author. p. 158.
caballos celtic etymology.
- ^ "Tamega | Defini??o ou significado de Tamega no Dicionário Infopédia de Toponímia".
- Falileyev. Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-Names. Aberystwyth University
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
- Gamito, Teresa. The Celts in Portugal. Universidade do Algarve. E-Keltoi. Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. Volume 6. The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula]
- Freire,José. "A Toponímia Céltica e os vestígios de cultura material da Proto-História de Portugal". Revista de Guimar?es, Volume Especial, I, Guimar?es, 1999, pp. 265–275
- Mapa pormenorizado dos Povos Pré-Romanos da Península Ibérica (200 AC)
- [2]
- Vias Romanas em Portugal Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
- Juan, Alonso. -Briga Toponyms in the Iberian Peninsula. University of Salamanca. E-Keltoi. Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. Volume 6. "The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula"
- Buchanan, George. The history of Scotland... to the present time. pg 108
- Hazlitt, The Classical Gazetteer[usurped]. Ancient Library. pg 190]
- Braganca Bragan?a, or Braganza, or Brigantia, or Juliobriga (Portugal) Encyclop?dia Britannica online
- Atlas das Cidades Romanas em Portugal
- "Corumbriga" The Cambrian Journal. Cambrian Institute p 183
- Ptolemy's Geography. Book II, Chapter 4. Location of Lusitania Hispania (Second Map of Europe.Lacus Curtius]
- Perestrello da Camara, Paulo. Diccionario geographico, historico, politico e litterario do reino de Portugal e seus Domínios pg 494 (two Mirobrigas)
- Bautista de Castro, Jo?o. Mappa de Portugal, pg 18 (Catraleucus)
- Pérez Vilatela, Luciano. Lusitania: Historia y etnología pg.7 (two Arcobrigas in Lusitania)
- Memorias de la Real Academia de la historia. pg 81 Real Academia de la Historia. (three Arcobrigas)
- Alarc?o,Jorge. Notas de arqueologia, epigrafia e toponímia – II
- Guerra, Amílcar. Caepiana: uma reavalia??o crítica do problema da sua localiza??o e enquadramento histórico. IPA Ministério da Cultura. (Longroiva)
- Alarc?o,Jorge. Notas de arqueologia, epigrafia e toponímia – III (Valabriga-Merobriga)
- Guerra, Amílcar. POVOS, CULTURA E LíNGUA NO OCIDENTE PENINSULAR: UMA PERSPECTIVA, A PARTIR DA TOPONOMáSTICA Acta Palaeohispanica IX Palaeohispanica 5, (2005), pp 814–817]
- Los topónimos: Sus blasones y trofeos (la toponimia Mítica) pg 10 (Anobrega)
- Nascentes, Antenor. (1932) Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa. (ref. Xabregas)
See also
[edit]- Roman Geography of Portugal
- List of Celtic place names in Galicia
- List of Latin place names in Iberia
- List of Celtic place names in Italy
